Hindi vyakaran mein “sentence kise kahate hain” ya “vakya kise kahate hain” ek moolik prashna hai jo kisi bhi bhasha seekhne wale ke liye atyavashyak hai. Vakya kisi bhi bhasha ka aadhar hota hai. Jab shabdon ka uchit aur arthpoorna sanchalan hota hai, tabhi ve milkar ek vakya banate hain. Is blog post mein hum vakya ki paribhasha, uske pramukh prakar, banawat, aur udaharanon ke madhyam se samjhayenge ki sentence kise kahate hain aur iska vyavaharik upyog kaise kiya jata hai.
Vakya Kise Kahate Hain?
Vakya Ki Paribhasha
Jab kuch shabdon ka sangrah kisi vichar ya bhavna ko vyakt karne ke liye niyamit kram mein milta hai, jisse poorn arth nikalta hai, use vakya kahate hain. Arthaat, poorn aur spasht vichar vyakt karne wale shabdon ke samuha ko vakya kaha jata hai.
Jaise:
Ram school gaya.
Yah ek poorn vakya hai kyunki yah ek vichar ko vyakt karta hai aur ismein sangya (Ram), kriya (gaya), aur sthal (school) sab sammilit hain.
Vakya ke Mool Tatva
Ek vakya banane ke liye nimn tatvon ka hona avashyak hota hai:
- Karta (Subject) – jo kriya karta hai
- Kriya (Verb) – jo kriya ho rahi hai
- Karm ya Varnan (Object/Complement) – jis par kriya ka prabhav padta hai
Vakya ke Pramukh Prakar
1. Varnanatmak Vakya (Declarative Sentences)
Yeh vakya kisi vichar, tathya, ya ghatna ko batate hain.
Udaharan:
Suraj purv disha mein ugta hai.
2. Prashnavachak Vakya (Interrogative Sentences)
Aise vakya jinmein kisi baat ke baare mein prashn kiya jata hai.
Udaharan:
Kya tumne khana khaya?
3. Aadesh Vakya (Imperative Sentences)
Yeh vakya aadesh, vinamr anurodh, ya nivedan ko vyakt karte hain.
Udaharan:
Kripya yahaan aaiye.
4. Vismayadibodhak Vakya (Exclamatory Sentences)
Aise vakya jinmein kisi bhavna—jaise vismay, anand, ya krodh—ka prakat hota hai.
Udaharan:
Wah! Tumne to kamaal kar diya.
5. Nishchayabodhak aur Anishchayabodhak Vakya
Nishchayabodhak vakya kisi nishchit ghatna ko batata hai, jabki anishchayabodhak mein asamanya ya anuman hota hai.
Udaharan (Nishchayabodhak):
Main kal bazaar jaunga.
Udaharan (Anishchayabodhak):
Shayad vah kal aaye.
Sentence Likhnay ke Niyam
1. Bhasha ki Saralata
Vakya likhte waqt bhasha saral, spasht aur uchit honi chahiye. Vyakti ya vastu ka naam, uski kriya, aur sthal ka zikr spashtrup se hona chahiye.
2. Purnata aur Tatparyata
Vakya adhoora nahi hona chahiye. Har vakya ek poora vichar prastut kare, jise padhkar dusre vyakti ko spasht samajh aaye.
3. Vyakaranik Shuddhata
Vakya mein kriya aur karta ka samuchit milan ho. Purush, vachan, aur kaal ka sahi prayog ho.
4. Ling aur Vachan ka Samanvay
Yadi karta ekvachan hai, to kriya bhi ekvachan honi chahiye. Isi tarah, purush ke anuroop kriya ka roop bhi badlega.
Vakya ke Upyog ke Sthanon ke Udaharan
Shiksha ke Kshetra mein
Pathshalaon mein vakya likhne ke abhyas ke madhyam se vidyarthi apni bhasha aur vyakaran ki pakshata sudharte hain. Jaise:
“Sadak par gande kachre ko phenka nahi jata.” – yah ek prashikshanatmak vakya hai.
Rojmarra ki Jeevan Mein
Roz marra ke jeevan mein hum har samay vakyon ka upyog karte hain. Chaahe kisi se baat karni ho, email likhna ho ya sandesh dena ho.
Sahitya Mein
Kavitaon, kahaniyon, aur natakon mein bhi vakyaon ka bhinn roop mein upyog hota hai. Pratyek vakya lekhan ka roop nirdharit karta hai.
Vakya Banane ke Udaharan
Saral Vakya:
- Riya nach rahi hai.
- Ped hara hai.
- Bachche khel rahe hain.
Jatil Vakya:
- Jab mein ghar pahucha, tab barish ho rahi thi.
- Agar tum parishram karoge to safalta milegi.
Mishrit Vakya:
- Wah school gaya aur usne pratidvandita mein bhaag liya.
- Mein khush hoon kyunki mujhe inaam mila.
FAQs Sentence Kise Kahate Hain
Sentence kise kahate hain?
Jab kuch shabd milkar ek poorn vichar vyakt karte hain, to use vakya ya sentence kahate hain.
Vakya banate samay sabse zaroori tatv kya hote hain?
Vakya mein karta (subject), kriya (verb), aur karm ya varnank hona avashyak hota hai.
Kitne prakar ke vakya hote hain?
Mukhyatah vakya paanch prakar ke hote hain: varnankatmak, prashnavachak, aadesh, vismayadibodhak, aur anishchayabodhak.
Sentence aur phrase mein kya antar hai?
Phrase mein poorn arth nahi hota, jabki sentence mein ek spasht aur poorn vichar vyakt hota hai.
Bachchon ko sentence likhna kaise sikhayein?
Bachchon ko saral aur chhote udaharanon ke madhyam se shabd jod kar arthpoorna vakya banana sikhayein.
Vakya Seekhna Bhasha Seekhne Ka Aadhar Hai
Vakya ya sentence bhasha ka aadhar stambh hai. Iske bina koi bhi vichar, bhavna ya sandesh vyakt nahi kiya ja sakta. Isliye, “sentence kise kahate hain” ya “vakya kise kahate hain” jaise prashn ka spasht uttar samajhna aur uska prayog kar pana kisi bhi bhasha ke sikhne ki pehli seedhi hai. Chaahe aap Hindi seekh rahe ho ya apni likhne ki kala sudhar rahe ho, vakya rachna ka abhyas aapko bhasha mein nipun banata hai.